The rapid growth and diversification of higher education in China has led to changes in regulations and governance structures. As part of this reform, the responsibility for assuring the quality of higher education shifted from central to regional government, and then to institutions. Xiamen University (XMU) – one of China’s most prominent research universities – has developed an efficient and effective internal quality assurance (IQA) system for teaching and learning over the past 20 years. It aims to strengthen graduate employability by facilitating the creation, dissemination, preservation, and application of knowledge. Conducted within the framework of an international research project implemented by the UNESCO International Institute for Educational Planning (IIEP), this case study focuses on how the IQA system at XMU contributes to teaching and learning, and how IQA affects the overall quality of education and the employability of graduates at the university.