ASER 'Early Years' reports on the pre-schooling or schooling status of children in the age group 4 to 8 and, in addition, explores their performance on some competencies that international research has identified as important predictors of future success. These competencies have been categorized into four domains: cognitive development, early language, early numeracy, and social and emotional development. ASER 'Early Years' retains the core elements of the ASER architecture: it is a sample-based household survey, conducted by local volunteers, using simple and easy to administer tools and formats. Because this is a new target group for ASER, the survey has been conducted in one rural district per state rather than nationwide. As with every ASER, the overall objective of ASER 'Early Years' is to highlight the kinds of abilities that our young children need to build, to generate evidence on scale on the extent to which they are able to do so, and to develop ways of discussing these issues with people across the country - all of these in order to ultimately to enable evidence to be translated into action.