This position paper is divided into three separate parts. In Part I, we present the key concepts that are used in relation to multilingual education. The aim is to clarify a set of meanings and terms used in relation to languages and education. In Part II, we present a synthesis of the normative framework for languages and education based, firstly, on an analysis of United Nations standard-setting instruments; secondly, on a discussion of specific UNESCO conventions and declarations make reference to issues of language and culture; and, thirdly, on the outcomes and recommendations of international conferences related directly or indirectly to issues of language and education. Part III of the position paper provides a synthesis of the many discussions and agreements on language issues that have been adopted under the auspices of both the United Nations and UNESCO. These are placed within a set of guidelines and principles with the objective of making UNESCO’s position clear and giving them a wider distribution in a more accessible format.