The study presented in this publication explores the global phenomenon of learning across boundaries, but with a specific focus on the manner in which the level of learning is recognized through the use of level descriptors based on learning outcomes. The study is a first of its kind in that it provides a comprehensive overview of the different ways in which learning is assessed and recognized in the modern context, but more importantly, provides key insights into how learning may be recognized in the future. The effort by the authors, supported by key experts from across the globe, to map the landscape provides an important basis for further work in this area.The publication will be of interest to experts and practitioners working in the field of the recognition of qualifications and to the broad Education and Training community and beyond. It is intended as a resource for qualification systems reforms and development at national level as well as for regional and international debates and developments.