An effective assessment system provides students, teachers, parents and government with valid and reliable information about learning outcomes. Assessment informs teachers’ planning so they can tailor lessons to students’ needs, it improves accountability, providing a basis for teachers to report to parents and the wider community on children’s learning outcomes, and it informs schools and government so they can plan and devise policies based on the evidence. This October 2019 policy brief explores key strategic issues and policy recommendations for the use of assessment in Indonesia. The brief draws on INOVASI’s work and body of evidence to date. A further update of the brief will be done in late 2019, with additional endline evidence from INOVASI’s four partner provinces.