Measures that matter: learning outcome targets for Sustainable Development Goal 4 an examination of national, regional and international learning assessments

This paper assesses the merits of different learning assessments for measuring progress toward the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) for education and its associated targets, as adopted by the international community in Incheon, Republic of Korea during the World Education Forum in May, 2015 and ratified by the UN in September, 2015. It serves as a background paper for the Global Education Monitoring Report (or GEM Report),1which is an annual report that will monitor progress towards thisglobal education goal and targets.