This midterm evaluation report focuses on pupil outcomes in grades 1 and 2 as a result of the DFID/Kenya Rural Expansion Programme, which supported over 800 schools in four treatment groups and one control group in Machakos and Bungoma counties between 2013 and 2015. For Treatment 1 (Full PRIMR), schools received teachers guides, pupil books, and training in how to use the teachers guides. For Treatment 2 (Books & Training), schools received teacher training and pupil books, and teachers created their own lesson plans. For Treatment 3 (Training Only), teachers received general training on how to prepare lesson plans more effectively. The fourth treatment group (Full PRIMR Mother Tongue) was new in 2013 and therefore was assessed to collect baseline data.