Addressing the combined challenge of expanding educational access together with raising learning outcomes for all children and young people, regardless of their background, must remain a top priority for governments and the international community in order to ensure inclusive quality education for all children by 2030. In order to identify the extent of educational inequalities globally, we gathered data on educational access and learning from low and lower middle-income countries. As the basis for the analysis, we used the World Inequality Database in Education (WIDE), initially developed by the 2010 Education for All Global Monitoring Report. We updated its information using the most recent data, where feasible. Our analysis pays particular attention to the intersectionalities of wealth, gender and location, to show how these compound one another to exacerbate inequalities in education. Ideally our analysis would include other dimensions of disadvantage, such as disability, but data are not currently available to permit such analysis on a systematic basis. Our analysis aims to understand learning gaps both between countries and within countries. We further highlight those countries where improvements in both access and learning were accompanied by narrowing of gaps over time. This paper was prepared for the International Commission on Financing Global Education Opportunity as a background paper for the report, The Learning Generation: Investing in education for a changing world.